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Post by Sebbe on Feb 4, 2013 22:43:13 GMT
Well this is a discussion forum where people are supposed to engage in discussions about extinct and endangered species, this does not necessarily mean everyone have to agree with each other about everything  Aim sorry if you have taken offence which what I wrote, that was not my intention, |
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Post by Bhagatí on Feb 5, 2013 23:30:51 GMT
Well this is a discussion forum where people are supposed to engage in discussions about extinct and endangered species, this does not necessarily mean everyone have to agree with each other about everything Aim sorry if you have taken offence which what I wrote, that was not my intention, Apology accepted. |
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Post by Bhagatí on Jul 24, 2013 16:34:33 GMT
Recently informations about Gazella arabica. www.wildsolutions.nl/Publications/Lerp,%20Wronski,%20Butynski,%20Plath_Speciation%20of%20Arabian%20Gazelles_proofs%20-%202013.pdf Citated: Within G. dorcas, several subspecies are described on the basis of phenotypic variation, such as coat coloration and horn shape and length (Groves 1969, 1981; Alados 1987; Yom-Tov et al. 1995; Groves and Grubb 2011). A phylogeographic study based on sequence variation of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and control region recently indicates that G. dorcas—including ‘G. saudiya’ and ‘G. pelzelni’—represent a reciprocally monophyletic group with a sister-group relationship to G. gazella and G. arabica (Lerp et al. 2011). No statistically significant support was found for any geographic structure within the distribution range of G. dorcas. Nevertheless, keeping G. dorcas, ‘G. saudiya’ and ‘G. pelzelni’ separated at captive breeding centers is warranted as low genetic divergence at neutral markers does not preclude the potential existence of local adaptations (Hammond et al. 2001; Lerp et al. 2011). Confusion over taxonomy and nomenclature at the species level has reached a maximum in G. gazella and G. arabica (Groves and Harrison 1967; Harrison 1968; Groves 1969, 1983, 1989, 1996, 1997; Lange 1972; Groves and Lay 1985; Vassart et al. 1995a; Greth et al. 1996; Vassart et al. 1996; Kingswood et al. 1997; Rebholz and Harley 1999; Wronski et al. 2010). At least four species (G. gazella, G. bilkis, G. arabica, and G. erlangeri) and eight subspecies have been named (Groves 1996, 1997; Grubb 2005; Groves and Grubb 2011). Based on the analysis of cytochrome b sequences of five G. gazella in the context of a phylogeny of the Antilopinae, Rebholz and Harley (1999) suggested that two genetically distinct lineages might exist: one from the Levant (Galilee to Turkey) and one from Negev and Arabia. Those findings have been confirmed in an analysis comprising more individuals from a larger area and more mitochondrial and microsatellite markers (Wronski et al. 2010; Lerp et al. 2013). This supports recognition of two ‘cryptic’ species in this clade, which may have evolved due to prolonged isolation or local adaptations to divergent environments (Wronski et al., 2010; Lerp et al. 2013). The nominate G. gazella was originally described as Antilope gazella (Buffon 1764) from the Levant. This raises the question of which species name to assign to the populations in Arabia. Recent molecular analyses of the cytochrome b gene from the type G. arabica (described as Antilope arabica Lichtenstein 1827) indicate that this taxon is invalid, because skin and skull of the type specimen of G. arabica did not form a separate lineage, but clustered with G. gazella (skin) and with G. arabica (skull; Bärmann et al. 2012). Following the rules of precedence (priority rule, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, ICZN) the name G. arabica is available for gazelles in Arabia.Within G. arabica, however, much taxonomic uncertainty remains. One of the most challenging questions is the status of G. erlangeri. Neumann (1906) described specimens from Lahadsch (Lahej), north of Aden, as a greyer form of G. arabica. He introduced a new subspecies name to account for this difference and cited the illustration labeled G. arabica in Sclater and Thomas (1898) as an accurate representation of what he was describing. Due to its putative sympatric distribution with G. arabica, Groves (1996) suggested full species status for G. erlangeri. Gazelles currently kept in captivity at King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre in Saudi Arabia and at Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation in Qatar show the described combination of diagnostic features and thus, were considered to represent G. erlangeri (Groves 1996)—even though the provenance of these gazelles is not known. Phylogenetic studies (using mitochondrial markers) on these putative G. erlangeri cluster them amongst other G. arabica from all over Arabia (Hammond et al. 2000; Blacket et al. 2001; Hundertmark and Omer 2004; Wronski et al. 2010). In summary, it remains unsolved whether Neumann’s (1906) G. erlangeri is a distinct taxon and how it relates to other gazelles. Finally, the most enigmatic gazelle described from Arabia should be mentioned: the Queen of Sheba’s gazelle (Gazella bilkis). Specimens shot in the Taizz Mountains of southern Yemen in 1951 (now stored at Chicago FMNH) were originally identified as G. arabica erlangeri by the collector Hoogstraal. They were, however, re-evaluated retrospectively based on skull morphology and described as Gazella bilkis (Groves and Lay 1985; Groves and Grubb 2011). Even though the taxonomic status of these gazelles remains unclear, there is no doubt that G. bilkis is extinct (Mallon and Al-Safadi 2001). Lerp, H., Wronski, T., Butynski, T. M. & Plath, M. 2013. Speciation of Arabian gazelles. In: Speciation: Natural Processes, Genetics and Biodiversity. P. Michalak, ed. Nova Science, Hauppauge, New York. Pp. 59-82. Chapter 3 SPECIATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES Hannes Lerpa, Torsten Wronski, Thomas M. Butynski, and Martin Platha Evolutionary Ecology Group, J.W. Goethe–University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Conservation Programmes, The Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre, Saudi Wildlife Authority, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Very brightly defined; Seen on page 14!  |
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Post by Sebbe on Dec 8, 2013 14:55:08 GMT
A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazellesGazella is one of the most species-rich genera within horned ruminants. Despite overall similarity in body size and morphology, gazelles show variability in coloration and horn morphology. Unfortunately, however, species differentiation based on these characters, or on discrete skull characters, is very difficult due to high intraspecific variability. Furthermore, most species have fragmented and allopatric distributions, so that species boundaries were hard to define in the past. Mitochondrial DNA sequences have proven useful for investigating gazelle taxonomy in recent years, but especially for old museum material, i.e. type specimens, destructive sampling is often impossible. We provide a comprehensive morphometric framework for the genus Gazella based on linear skull measurements reconciled with results from molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the largest dataset available so far. In particular for males, the skull morphology shows interspecific differences concurrent with DNA data and provides a reliable tool for species identification. Based on morphometric data we synonymize G. karamii with G. marica, and confirm the identification of the G. arabica and G. a. rueppelli type skulls from analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zoj.12066/abstract
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Post by another specialist on Dec 9, 2013 6:18:16 GMT
As anyone got full access to the above paper?
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Post by surroundx on Dec 9, 2013 8:01:10 GMT
Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses suggest a potential species boundary between Mountain (Gazella gazella) and Arabian Gazelles (G. arabica) in the LevantAbstract Two cryptic lineages of ‘Mountain Gazelles’ have been reported based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using maternally inherited (mitochondrial) sequence markers, namely Gazella gazella in the Levant and G. arabica south of the Arava Valley into the Arabian Peninsula. Here, we provide a rigorous test for the existence of two distinct lineages based on bi-parentally inherited (nuclear microsatellite) markers. Our study confirms two genetically distinct clusters in the Levant and detected no gene-flow between them. Divergence time (inferred from a cytochrome b-based phylogeny) was approximately one MYA. Treating and breeding both lineages separately in future conservation and captive breeding programmes is highly recommended.Source: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504712003059
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Post by surroundx on Dec 9, 2013 8:16:58 GMT
Citations:Wronski, T., Apio, A., Plath, M . and Ziege, M. (2013). Sex-difference in the communicatory significance of localized defecation sites in Arabian gazelles (Gazella arabica). Journal of Ethology. doi: 10.1007/s10164-012-0357-6 Wronski, Torsten and Butynski, T. M. (In press, 2013). 'Five minutes to midnight' for Arabian gazelles Gazella arabica in Harrat Uwayrid, north-western Saudi Arabia. Gnusletter. Source: www.uni-hamburg.de/biologie/BioZ/zis/vb/mitarbeiter/wronski.html
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Post by Bhagatí on Jan 5, 2014 15:07:35 GMT
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Post by Bhagatí on Jan 5, 2014 15:09:35 GMT
The riddle of the mystery gazelleFrom chimera to species: Museum specimens obtained nearly 200 years ago represent the only evidence for an enigmatic species of Arabian gazelle. Closer examination of the material has now led to a different, and very surprising, conclusion.
 Photo: Torsten WronskiProtection of biodiversity requires detailed knowledge of individual species and their geographical distributions. In addition to direct observations in the wild, the collections held by museums of natural history provide valuable information in this context. However, one sometimes comes across museum specimens collected long ago which document species that seem to have disappeared soon after they were discovered. One such case concerns the Arabian gazelle (Gazella arabica), which was known only on the basis of museum specimens that arrived from Arabia in Berlin in 1825. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) included G. arabica as an extinct species on its Red List until 2008. Its status was then revised to “data deficient” owing to the lack of genetic data. To remedy this deficiency, LMU researchers recently examined the DNA of the almost 200-year-old type specimen, as part of a collaborative project that also involved scientists from the UK and Saudi Arabia. The results surprised everyone. “It turned out that the skin and the skull come from different animals,” says Dr. Gertrud Rößner of the Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Geology. Type specimen unmasked as a chimera“The combination of elements from different individuals has led zoologists to search for a species that never existed,” says Eva Bärmann, a doctoral student at Cambridge University, who carried out the intricate DNA analyses at LMU. The results revealed that the specimen is in fact a “composite” made up of parts representing two different lineages of the mountain gazelle (G. gazella) found in the Eastern Mediterranean region and on the Arabian Peninsula, respectively. But that’s not all. The new data indicate that the Arabian form, hitherto classified as a subspecies of G. gazella and recently recognized as a species in its own right, is in fact G. arabica, alive and kicking. “Our analyses underline the enormous significance of type specimens – not only as objects of historical value, but as indispensable references for studies of biodiversity and efforts to preserve it, even in the era of molecular biology,” says Professor Gert Wörheide of the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, in whose laboratory the genetic analyses were performed. (Mammalian Biology, 2012) göd The study was financed by the Natural Environment Research Council (UK), the Cambridge European Trust and the Balfour Fund (University of Cambridge). Source: www.en.uni-muenchen.de/news/newsarchiv/2012/2012_gazelle.html
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Post by Bhagatí on Jan 5, 2014 15:18:22 GMT
The riddle of the mystery gazelle (Arabian Gazelle or Mountain Gazelle?) – Farasan IslandsEvidence for the existence of an enigmatic species of Arabian Gazelle Gazella arabica was known only on the basis of museum specimens that was supposedly collected on the Farasan Islands and arrived from Arabia in Berlin in 1825. The museum specimen appears to document a species that disappeared soon after it was discovered and The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) included G. arabica as an extinct species on its Red List until 2008. Its status was then revised to “data deficient” owing to the lack of genetic data. Various people placed the Arabian Gazelle with the Mountain Gazelle Gazella gazelle a species that ranks among the most critically endangered mammals on the Arabian Peninsula. Past conservation efforts have been plagued by confusion about the phylogenetic relationship among various ‘phenotypically discernable’ populations, and even the question of species boundaries was far from being certain. As a result recent (2010) mtDNA sequences of 126 individuals collected from the wild throughout the Arabian Peninsula and from captive stocks were analysed. Analyses revealed two reciprocally monophyletic genetic lineages within the presumed species Gazella gazella: one ‘northern clade’ on the Golan Heights (Israel/Syrian border) and one genetically diverse larger clade from the rest of the Arabian Peninsula including the Farasan Islands as well as the Arava Valley (Negev, Israel). Applying the Strict Phylogenetic Species Concept allows assigning species status to these two major clades. The name favoured for the Arabian clade was G. arabica, given that molecular analyses would show that the lectotype of G. arabica is included in this group. If the Golan population is assigned species status G. gazella, it raises taxonomic questions as to which species name can be assigned to the populations from the Arabian Peninsula. The two oldest names are Antilope Arabica (Lichtenstein, 1827) and A. cora (Smith, 1827), but there are nomenclatural difficulties with both these names. If molecular evidence from the type material of Gazella Arabica does not confirm a distinct species and the specimens group instead with the Peninsula clade of gazelles, then this would be the appropriate name for all Mountain gazelles of the Arabian Peninsula. This is in fact exactly what happened when trying to clarify the position of Arabian Gazelle and remedy its status; researchers recently examined the DNA of the almost 200-year-old type specimen, as part of a collaborative project between German, UK and Saudi Arabian scientists. The results surprised everyone. “It turned out that the skin and the skull come from different animals” and the specimen was in fact a “composite” made up of parts representing two different lineages of the Mountain gazelle G. gazella found in the Eastern Mediterranean region and on the Arabian Peninsula, respectively. But that’s not all. The new data indicate that the Arabian form, hitherto classified as a subspecies of G. gazella and recently recognized as a species in its own right, is in fact G. arabica, alive and kicking.  Source: www.birdsofsaudiarabia.com/2013/12/the-riddle-of-mystery-gazelle-arabian.html
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Post by Bhagatí on May 12, 2014 10:56:03 GMT
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Post by surroundx on Mar 21, 2021 3:07:01 GMT
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Post by surroundx on Mar 21, 2021 7:22:30 GMT
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