Pyrocephalus dubius (Least Vermilion Flycatcher)

[sebbe67]

Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius

One of the most endangered birds now
appears to be the San Cristóbal Vermilion Flycatcher
(Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius). Not a single individual
of this species was observed during a six-month
survey in 1998 (Vargas and Bensted-Smith 2000). A
long-term, steady decline in population size is clearly
distinct from the frequent, normal population
fluctuations of native bird fauna on the Galápagos
Islands (cf. Grant and Grant 1980, 1993). On the other
hand, some potentially sensitive species have avoided
some of these pathogens.

66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:J7ts74QmW3AJ:www.wildcru.org/aboutus/people/vargas_pdfs/Diseases-%2520Insight%2520paper.pdf+Pyrocephalus+rubinus+dubius&hl=sv&ct=clnk&cd=10&gl=se

[sebbe67]

Listed as "now very rare or possibly even extinct" in birds, mammals and reptiles of the Galapagos Islands, 2005.

[another specialist]

The vermillion fly catcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) lives in the highlands of Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal, Isabela and other islands. The population of this bird found in San Cristóbal is a different species: Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius. On Marchena Island it can be observed on the coast.

Males have a bright red breast and crown, their back, tail and the border of their eyes is black in colour. Females have a yellow breast and a brown back.

The vermillion fly catchers feed on insects. They reproduce in the warm, rainy season when insects are more abundant. They build their nests with moss and lichen in the trees.

www.isabelagalapagos.com/english/nature-and-landscapes-isabela-galapagos.php

[another specialist]

PDF file with the info sebbe found and posted

www.wildcru.org/aboutus/people/vargas_pdfs/Diseases-%20Insight%20paper.pdf

[Carlos]

HBW9

San Cristobal (Chatham) Is Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus r. dubius)

[Melanie]

source: Galapagos: Discovery on Darwin's Islands
D W Steadman, S Zousmer
Hardcover 208 pages (April 30, 1988)
Publisher: Smithsonian Instn. P
ISBN: 0874748828

[Melanie]

Source: Ridgway, Robert / Descriptions of twenty-two new species of birds from the Galapagos Islands
(1894)

Download here: digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Zoology/Zoology-idx?type=turn&entity=Zoology.ProcUSNMv17.p0014&isize=M

[Melanie]

Note: As usual in English language biological literature all measurements are given in Inch. 1 Inch = 2.54 centimetres.

[Melanie]

source: Galapagos: Discovery on Darwin's Islands
D W Steadman, S Zousmer
Hardcover 208 pages (April 30, 1988)
Publisher: Smithsonian Instn. P
ISBN: 0874748828

[Melanie]

GONE, GONE … GOING: THE FATE OF THE VERMILION FLYCATCHER ON DARWIN’S ISLANDS
GODFREY MERLEN

www.galapagos.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/25.-BIODIV-vermillion-flycatcher.merlen.pdf

[Melanie]

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

Available online 24 May 2016

In Press, Accepted Manuscript — Note to users

Phylogeography of the Vermilion Flycatcher species complex: multiple speciation events, shifts in migratory behavior, and an apparent extinction of a Galápagos-endemic bird species

Ore Carmia,, Christopher C. Witt, Alvaro Jaramillo, John P. Dumbacher,



doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.029

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105579031630118X

[Sebbe]

The first bird extinction in Galapagos

www.durrell.org/latest/news/the-first-bird-extinction-in-galapagos/

[Melanie]

Hernan Vargas, 1996, What is happening with the avifauna of San Cristobal - Notícias de Galápagos 57: 23-24

www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/media/pdf/57/NG_57_1996_Vargas_Avifauna_San_Cristobal.pdf

[Sebbe]

Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) is being split: list P. rubinus as least concern, P. dubius as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) or Extinct and P. nanus as Vulnerable or Endangered?

P. dubius was last seen in 1987 (Vargas 1996). It was endemic to the island of San Cristóbal in the Galápagos islands, and despite the pre-split species being previously ‘fairly common’ on San Cristóbal at the start of the 1900s (Snodgrass and Heller 1904) the species has been considered extirpated from the island for some time (Wiedenfeld 2006, Merlen 2013). If it is confirmed as extinct this would represent the first recorded extinction of a Galápagos endemic bird species (Carmi et al. 2016). The cause of the decline of the species is not known, and appears to be unrelated to the presence of introduced predators (Wiedenfeld 2006). It is likely that this species is now Extinct, but we welcome any comments as to whether this species may persist anywhere, to decide whether this species be formally listed as Extinct or whether it be listed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct).

www.birdlife.org/globally-threatened-bird-forums/2016/10/vermilion-flycatcher-pyrocephalus-rubinus-is-being-split-list-p-rubinus-as-least-concern-p-dubius-as-critically-endangered-possibly-extinct-or-extinct-and-p-nanus-as-vulnerable-or-endangered/

[alexanderlang]

Hi!

There are quite many photos of living Galapagos Flycatchers, but there seems not to be even a single one of a living San Cristobal bird, however, I found these.:

www.livescience.com/55743-photos-extinct-vermilion-flycatcher-galapagos-islands.html

[Melanie]

Scientific Name: Pyrocephalus dubius
Species Authority: Gould & Gray, 1839
Common Name(s):
English – Least Vermilion Flycatcher
Taxonomic Source(s): del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Assessment Information [top]
Red List Category & Criteria: Extinct ver 3.1
Year Published: 2016
Date Assessed: 2016-10-01
Assessor(s): BirdLife International
Reviewer(s): Butchart, S. & Symes, A.
Facilitator/Compiler(s): Butchart, S., Ekstrom, J., Khwaja, N., Westrip, J., Martin, R
Justification:
This species, endemic to San Cristóbal in Ecuador's Galápagos Islands, has not been recorded since the 1980s despite recent searches and is now considered extinct (Wiedenfeld 2006).
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: P. dubius, endemic to San Cristóbal in Ecuador's Galápagos Islands, has not been recorded since the 1980s despite recent searches and is now considered extinct (Wiedenfeld 2006).
Countries occurrence:
Regionally extinct:
Ecuador (Galápagos)
Additional data:
♦ Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): Unknown
♦ Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): No ♦ Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) - km2: 7420000
♦ Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Unknown ♦ Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): No
♦ Continuing decline in number of locations: Unknown
♦ Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations: No
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: None remain.
Additional data:
♦ Continuing decline of mature individuals: Unknown
♦ Extreme fluctuations: No ♦ Population severely fragmented: No
♦ Continuing decline in subpopulations: Unknown
♦ Extreme fluctuations in subpopulations: No ♦ All individuals in one subpopulation: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: The species was previously found throughout the island of San Cristóbal and was likely similar in habits and ecology as other Pyrocephalus species.
Systems: Terrestrial
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Unknown
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): It seems likely that either the introduction of rats, the arrival of avian pox or potentially the bot fly Philornis downsi, or some combination of all of these and potentially additional introductions caused the decline and extinction of the species.

www.iucnredlist.org/details/103682916/0

[surroundx]

Survival and extinction of breeding landbirds on San Cristóbal, a highly degraded island in the Galápagos

We documented the consequences of large-scale habitat loss on a community of Galápagos native bird species on San Cristóbal island, based on point counts conducted between 2010 and 2017. Surprisingly, despite considerable habitat change and a variety of other threats, the landbirds of San Cristóbal have fared much better than on the neighbouring islands Floreana or Santa Cruz. While two species went extinct very soon after human colonisation, the majority have adapted well to subsequent vegetation change and habitat loss. The endemic San Cristóbal Mockingbird Mimus melanotis is more widespread than previously thought and its population seems to be stable since the 1980s. We thus propose a change in IUCN classification from ‘Endangered’ to ‘Near threatened’. We present evidence gained by interviewing locals which suggests that a small population of the Least Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus dubius, classified as ‘Extinct’ by BirdLife International, may have persisted until very recently. Although extensive searches in 2018 and 2019 were unsuccessful, the possibility remains that a few birds may have survived in remote parts of the island. Further searches that involve the general public and other interested parties are therefore deemed necessary.

www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bird-conservation-international/article/survival-and-extinction-of-breeding-landbirds-on-san-cristobal-a-highly-degraded-island-in-the-galapagos/A9DCE3423E3D009512BBB7E9339ABED2#