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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 16:33:44 GMT
The scientific name should be Loxodonta africana pharaoensis, according to some sources . |
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 16:33:59 GMT
A very rough translation from this elefanter.sv.infoax.com/sv/Nordafrikansk+elefant swedish site North African elephant, Loxodonta africana pharaohensis/pharaoensis this subspecies of african elephant lived in Eritrea, Egypt, Ethiopia, Southspanin and before 000-talet on Sicily. This article is said have died out during the early 480-talet in the whole Africa, just after Västroms cases 476, as a result of the new construction workers' advance. The article had a lot of short baits but nevertheless high, pointed ears. This article is said (but one knows not safely) have died out at the end of 400-talet, although reports if copies occurred to sow late as around years 1000. Pharoensis is believed have been that elephant that was used of Hannibal Barkas when he abated the Alps. |
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 16:34:44 GMT
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 16:35:06 GMT
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 16:35:27 GMT
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 16:52:38 GMT
The North Africa Elephant This smaller species of elephant became extinct in 2nd century AD. It would have measured about 2.35 meters at the shoulder. |
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 16:53:40 GMT
The Elephant that Disappeared Caption: The black obelisk is dated to the ninth century BC. It depicts various people bringing their tribute to the Assyrian king Shalmanassar III. Among these tributes is seen this Syrian elephant. The Old Testament prophet Amos did not polish his preaching to the upper class of his day with smooth politeness. In his critique of their sumptuous and luxurious life style, he at one point mentions their "beds of ivory" (Amos 6:4). Our question does not deal with the moral situation, but with the matter of ivory. Where did they get it? We all know about elephants. There are two kinds, the African and the Indian (or more correct, the Asian). The African is the largest, and both sexes have tusks, which among the Asian elephants only is the case for the male species. But what is less known is that there once upon a time was another Asian elephant living in the present Syria. The date of its extinction was about the time of the prophet Amos in the 8th century BC. The reasons were two: the cultivation of land and the hunt for ivory. No Greenpeace or the like in those days. The Old Testament never mentions the elephant directly, but both Egyptian and Syrian sources describe hunts for ivory in the northern Syria in the 15th century BC close to the city of Karkhemish, an important centre of trade. Pharao Thutmosis III (1490-1436) tells how 120 elephants were killed for the precious tusks. On the famous black obelisk which today is exhibited in the British Museum in London, and which was erected by the Assyrian king Shalmanassar III (859-825), we find a detailed illustration of such a Syrian, Asian elephant. The black obelix is most famous for its depiction of king Jehu of Israel (842-815 BC) who kneels prostrate before the Assyrian king. Many beautifully carved and decorated objects of ivory have been found from the period. But besides resulting in the extinction of the Syrian elephant, the hunt for ivory also made the prophet Amos sharply criticize the upper class of Israel. Source: adventist.org.au/worship/bible_study/study/funny_facts#elephant |
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 16:56:35 GMT
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 16:58:52 GMT
Is the same subspecies as Loxodonta africana atlanticus? Maybe is one the synonym. I hadn't heard about the atlanticus subspecies before. Did it live in northern Africa, if so, than probably yes it is the same. |
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 17:09:00 GMT
From Catalogue des mammiferes sauvages du Maroc (“Catalogue of the wild mammals of Morocco”). Stéphane Aulagner & Michel Thevenot. Travaux de L’Institut Scientifique, 1986 Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797) African Elephant Although during all Quaternary, Morocco was inhabited by diverse species of Proboscideans, only one persisted into historic times, its disappearance so being linked to the hunt and the desertification of the country. The presence of elephants is attested north of Atlas by fossil findings: Kenitra, Rabat, Casablanca, El Jadida, El Hajeb, Fes, Taza, Guercif, and in the south of the mountains by multitude of rock art sites in wich figures this characteristic animal: Figuig, Annual, Tata, Jbel Bani… The extinction of the Elephant in Morocco had been inscribed doubtless between the 3th and 4th century after Carthaginian, then Roman, texts (ENNOUCHI 1948). |
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2007 17:09:59 GMT
I found this image of the extinct small subspecies of North African Elephant ( Loxodonta africana pharaoensis) in a pic of a Roman Mosaic from Tunisia housed at Bardo Museum (Tunis): Obviously is a full grown adult, probably a male, but with a much slender silhouette than extant African elephants |
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Post by Bhagatí on Mar 19, 2008 22:41:01 GMT
North African Elephant The North African Elephant (Loxodonta africana pharaohensis) was a possible subspecies of the African Bush Elephant (Loxodonta africana), or possibly a separate elephant species, that existed in North Africa until becoming extinct in Ancient Roman times. These were the famous war elephants used by Carthage in their long struggle against Rome. Although the subspecies has been formally described,[1][2] it has not been widely recognized by taxonomists. Other names for this animal include the North African Forest Elephant, Carthaginian Elephant, and Atlas Elephant. Originally, its natural range probably extended across North Africa and down to the present Sudanese and Eritrean coasts. Description Carthaginian frescoes [1] and coins minted by whoever controlled North Africa at various times show very small (perhaps 2.50 meters/8.35 ft at the shoulder) elephants with the large ears and concave back typical of modern Loxodonta. The North African elephant was smaller than the modern African Bush Elephant (L. a. africana), probably similar in size to the modern African Forest Elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) . It is also possible that it was more docile than the African Bush Elephant, which is generally untamable, allowing the Carthaginians to tame it by a method now lost to history. Being too small to be fitted with a tower, it was apparently ridden like a horse. History After their conquest of Sicily (242 B.C.), the Romans wanted to capture some specimens that had been left behind in the middle of the island by the Carthaginians, but failed in the endeavor. The elephants with whom Hannibal crossed the Pyrenees and the Alps in order to invade Italy during the Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.) belonged to this group, with the exception of Hannibal's personal animal, Surus ("the Syrian," or possibly "One-Tusker"[3]). This individual, according to his documented name and large size, may have been a specimen of the huge westernmost subspecies (Elephas maximus asurus) of the Asian Elephant, also now extinct. The North African elephant was also trained and used by the Ptolemies of Egypt. Writing in the 100s B.C., the historian Polybius (Histories 5.83) described their inferiority in battle against the larger Indian elephants used by the Seleucid kings. A surviving Ptolemaic inscription enumerates three separate types of war elephants, the Troglodytic (probably Libyan), the Ethiopian, and the Indian. The Ptolemaic king prides himself with being the first to tame the Ethiopian elephants, a stock which should be identical to one of the two extant African species. It is believed the subspecies must have become extinct some decades after the Roman conquest of North Africa (perhaps in the 100s A.D.), due to overhunting for use in venatio games.[citation needed] Some authorities believe that small populations may have survived along the Sudanese and Eritrean coasts until the mid-19th century, but if so, these are now certainly extinct. Taxonomic uncertainty Given the relatively recent date of its disappearance, the status of this population can probably be resolved through ancient DNA sequence analyses, if specimens of definite North African origin are located and examined. References ^ Nowak, Ronald M. (1999), Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th edition, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp 1002. ^ Yalden, D.W., M.J. Largen and D. Kock (1986), Catalogue of the Mammals of Ethiopia. 6. Perissodactyla, Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Lagomorpha, Tubulidentata, Sirenia, and Cetacea, Italian J. Zool., Suppl., n.s., 21:31-103. ^ H. H. Scullard, Ennius, Cato, and Surus, The Classical Review, New Ser., Vol. 3, No. 3/4. (Dec., 1953), pp. 140-142.  Roman mosaic at Ostia Antica North African Elephant from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_African_Elephant |
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Post by another specialist on Mar 20, 2008 8:49:21 GMT
Although African elephants are significantly bigger than Asian Elephants, African powers did not make nearly as much use of the animals in warfare or ceremonial affairs, given that the African elephant is much less easily tamed than its Asian counterpart. Some ancient powers in Africa did make use of elephants, but they employed the now-extinct North African subspecies Loxodonta (africana) pharaoensis (see the article on war elephants for an overview). The use of tamed elephants was thus largely confined to the parts of the world inhabited (or formerly inhabited) by Asian elephants. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crushing_by_elephant |
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Post by another specialist on Mar 20, 2008 8:52:17 GMT
The Egyptians and the Carthaginians began domesticating African elephants for the same purpose, as did the Numidians and the Kushites. The animal used was the North African relict (Loxodonta africana pharaohensis) population which eventually became extinct from overexploitation[7]. These animals were smaller than the Asian elephants used by the Seleucids, particularly those from Syria (Elephas maximus asurus), standing 2.5-3.5 meters (8-10 ft) at the shoulder. The North African elephants of Carthage are not known to have carried howdahs, and were often too scared[verification needed] to be used in combat. The favorite elephant of Hannibal, on the other hand, was described as an impressive animal named Sarus ("the Syrian") and it is likely that at least some Syrian elephants were traded abroad. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_elephant |
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Post by surroundx on Mar 19, 2016 3:40:21 GMT
Charles, Michael B. (2016). Elephant Size in Antiquity: DNA Evidence and the Battle of Raphia. Historia 65(1): 53-65. [ Abstract] |
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Post by surroundx on Oct 3, 2020 11:28:38 GMT
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