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Post by Deleted on Nov 1, 2005 18:10:53 GMT
Nuku Hiva Monarch Pomarea nukuhivae (Murphy & Mathews, 1928) Status: It was last collected in October 1922. Last seen in the 1930s (Thibault & Meyer, 2001). It is now considered extinct (Thibault & Meyer, 2001; Cibois et al. 2004; del Hoyo et al., 2016; Thibault & Cibois, 2017). Museum specimens: London (BMNH), New York (AMNH), La Châtre (MLC), Torino (MZUT). Taxonomy: Monotypic species. It was originally described a subspecies of the Marquesan Monarch P. mendozae (Murphy & Matthews, 1928) but it has since been given full species status (Cibois et al., 2004). Distribution: Endemic to Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. Natural HistoryRemains very poorly known. Early fledgling collected from a nest on 19 October 1922 (Murphy & Mathews, 1928). Conservation StatusRegularly recorded by visitors and collected for museums during the 19th century (Jouan, 1858; Holyoak & Thibault, 1984), suggesting it was not rare (Thibault & Cibois, 2017). In 1922, however, the population was already decreasing and members of the Whitney South Sea Expedition collected only a small series in September-October despite intense fieldwork (13 specimens at the AMNH). Fisher was unable to find it during a brief stop in 1929 (Fisher & Wetmore, 1931) and unpublished notes from the 1930s confirmed its rarity (Thibault & Meyer, 2001). It was not recorded in 1972 (Holyoak, 1975) nor in 1975 despite several weeks of intensive fieldwork (Thibault & Meyer, 2001). In July 1975 an unconfirmed observation was made by two pig hunters down the ridge separating Toovii Plateau and the Terre Deserte (ca. 850 m a.s.l.)(Thibault & Meyer, 2001). Not recorded during fieldwork in the 1990s and 2000s whilst evaluating the range of the Marquesan Imperial-pigeon Ducula galeata, or during recent botanical surveys of the Toovii Plateau and ridges between 800 and 1,200 m in 1997-1999 (Thibault & Meyer, 2001; Thibault & Cibois, 2017). The early introduction of Black rats Rattus rattus (collected by the WSSE in 1922 (Tate, 1935) is probably the main cause for its extinction. A large proportion of Nuka Hiva has been overgrazed and colonized at low and mid-elevations by Leucaena leucophala, a small leaved legume tree (Mueller-Dombois & Fosberg, 1998) that forms unsuitable breeding habitat for monarchs (Thibault & Meyer, 2001; Thibault & Cibois, 2017). - References -- Cibois, A., Thibault, J.C. & Pasquet, E. 2004. Biogeography of Eastern Polynesian Monarchs (Pomarea): an endemic genus close to extinction. Condor 106: 837-851. - del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK. - Thibault, J.C. & Meyer, J.Y. 2001. Contemporary extinction and population declines of the monarchs (Pomarea spp.) in French Polynesia, South Pacific. Oryx 35: 73-80. - Thibault, J.C. & Cibois, A. 2017. Birds of Eastern Polynesia. A Biogeographic Atlas. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
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Post by another specialist on Nov 3, 2005 6:47:35 GMT
Oryx Volume 35 Issue 1 Page 73 - January 2001 doi:10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00148.x Contemporary extinctions and population declines of the monarchs (Pomarea spp.) in French Polynesia, South Pacific Jean-Claude Thibault1 & Jean-Yves Meyer2 Four species of monarchs (Pomarea spp.) presently inhabit French Polynesia, one on Tahiti and three on the Marquesas Islands. Although all species populations were abundant during the nineteenth century or at the beginning of the twentieth century, their range and population numbers have recently decreased dramatically: intensive field surveys conducted between 1998 and 2000 reveal that four subspecies are now extinct from five islands in the Marquesas in the last decades. Introduction of the black rat is the major cause of extinction and decline, now amplified by new threats such as aggressive introduced birds and invasive alien plants reducing suitable habitats for breeding. www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00148.x?cookieSet=1 |
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Post by another specialist on Nov 3, 2005 6:49:11 GMT
Biogeography of Eastern Polynesian Monarchs (Pomarea): an Endemic Genus Close to Extinction Abstract. The passerine genus Pomarea (monarchs, Monarchidae) is endemic to eastern Polynesia, where it is distributed on high volcanic islands of the Cook, Society, and Marquesas archipelagos. Recent extinctions of these birds have been documented on several islands, and most of the remaining forms are threatened by introducted rats (Rattus rattus) and habitat loss. We used mitochondrial DNA markers to develop a phylogeny of the entire genus Pomarea, including extinct taxa. This phylogeny was compared to geological data of the eastern Polynesian islands, with emphasis on the Marquesas archipelago where Pomarea has undergone its most extensive diversification. The phylogeny of Pomarea monarchs is consistent with the sequential appearance of the Marquesas islands. We approximated the ages of the lineages using molecular-clock and Bayesian methods that incorporate geological data. Both analyses showed differences of 1 to 2 million years between the ages of most islands and the ages of the nodes. We suggest that these differences are due to a latent period during which the islands were emergent but not successully colonized by Pomarea taxa. Phylogenetic hypotheses suggest that several species are polyphyletic. We outline the taxonomic consequences of our tree as well as implications for the evolution of sexual dimorphism in monarchs. www.rednova.com/news/display/?id=106628 |
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Post by another specialist on Nov 3, 2005 6:50:28 GMT
Marquesan Monarch Pomarea mendozae 2005 IUCN Red List Category (as evaluated by BirdLife International - the official Red List Authority for birds for IUCN): Endangered Justification This species, formerly on five islands, survives on only one tiny island where its very small population is apparently stable, but still at risk from habitat degradation by sheep and predation by cat and rats. It therefore qualifies as Endangered. Family/Sub-family MONARCHINAE Species name author (Hartlaub, 1854) Taxonomic source(s) Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) Identification 17 cm. Dull-coloured flycatcher with males differing from females and adults from immatures. Adult male of all four subspecies black with pale blue bill, immature reddish-brown above, tawny below. Female differs among islands: on Ua Pou, black with white tail and much white in wings, on Nuku Hiva, black with white tail, rump and wings, the latter with black markings, on Mohotani, white body and tail with pinkish-buff tinge below, black wings with white edges to feathers, black head, on Hiva Oa and Tahuata, like Mohotani birds, but tail with subterminal black spots. Voice Raspy sherkee-six and whistled soo-weet. Population estimate Population trend Range estimate (breeding/resident) Country endemic? 160 - 250 stable 13 km2 Yes Range & population Pomarea mendozae was formerly widespread in the central Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, occurring in four subspecies on five islands. On Hiva Oa and Tahuata, nominate mendozae was not seen in 1990, 1996 or in 20006, and two recent records of single birds5 are considered erroneous6. On Nuku Hiva, subspecies nukuhivae was not seen in the 1990s, 1997 or 19996. On Ua Pou, subspecies mira was not located during 1989, 1990 or during intensive searches in 1998 and 19994,6. These three subspecies are considered extinct. The species survives only on Mohotani, where the population of subspecies motanensis was estimated at 200-350 pairs in 19751 and, although only 80-125 pairs in 2000, considered stable at 4-5 pairs/10 ha in Pisonia forest (the apparent difference being due to discrepancies in estimates of island size and forest-cover)6. Ecology This mainly insectivorous species occurred in forested valleys at high elevations and in degraded forest at all altitudes (probably originally preferring lowland forests which are now destroyed). On Mohotani, it is found in dry forest with Pisonia grandis1. Adults apparently prefer areas of dense, luxuriant vegetation while immatures often frequent shrubby vegetation in dry areas1. Threats On Mohotani, feral cats are a threat and, to a lesser extent, Pacific rat Rattus exulans, as well as intense grazing by feral sheep2. All the Marquesas Islands have been devastated by intense grazing and fire, and much of the original dry forest has been reduced to grassland, and upland forest to relict forest patches. On all islands, introduced species have been a threat, especially black rat Rattus rattus and, on Hiva Oa, introduced birds such as the predatory Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus and the very competitive Common Myna Acridotheres tristis. Conservation measures underway Mohotani has been protected since 1968. However, the banning of hunting has resulted in serious degradation by an increasing population of feral sheep3. Conservation measures proposed Consider possibilites of translocation. On Mohotani, eliminate or control feral sheep if socially acceptable3. If it is not possible to reduce sheep, fence part of the island to prevent grazing and allow habitat regeneration/restoration3. Eradicate cats3. Take precautions to prevent invasion by black rat R. rattus. References 1. Holyoak and Thibault (1984). 2. Seitre and Seitre (1991, 1992). 3. SPREP (1999). 4. Te Manu (1998) 24:1-2. 5. Te Manu (1999) 29:2. 6. Thibault and Meyer (2001). www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/ebas_search.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=6079&m=0 |
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Post by another specialist on Nov 3, 2005 6:52:54 GMT
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Post by another specialist on Nov 3, 2005 6:56:27 GMT
subspecies of Pomarea mendozae which are believed extinct are mendozae, nukuhivae and mira
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Post by another specialist on Nov 3, 2005 6:59:30 GMT
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Deleted
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Post by Deleted on Nov 3, 2005 10:19:27 GMT
@ another specialist
The pic You have posted is the male of all subspecies, they look similar.
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Post by another specialist on Nov 3, 2005 17:43:08 GMT
thanks noisi for info
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Post by Melanie on May 4, 2006 4:15:26 GMT
Common Name/s NUKU HIVA MONARCH (E) Species Authority Murphy & Mathews, 1928 Taxonomic Notes Pomarea mendozae (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into P. mendozae, P. mira and P. nukuhivae following Cibois et al. (2004). Assessment Information Red List Category & Criteria EX ver 3.1 (2001) Year Assessed 2006 Assessor/s BirdLife International Evaluator/s Butchart, S. & Temple, H. (BirdLife International Red List Authority) Justification Pomarea nukuhivae was formerly endemic to the island of Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. It was conisidered not common in 1922 and was considered rare in the 1930s, the last confirmed sightings. It was not seen in 1972 or 1975 despite several weeks of intensive searches. There were unconfirmed sightings in 1975 by two hunters of a passerine bird matching this species's description, but the species was not seen in the 1990s, 1997 or 19996, and is considered Extinct. This mainly insectivorous species occurred in forested valleys at high elevations and in degraded forest at all altitudes (probably originally preferring lowland forests which are now destroyed). All the Marquesas Islands have been devastated by intense grazing and fire, and much of the original dry forest has been reduced to grassland, and upland forest to relict forest patches. Introduced species are also likely to have played a role in the species's demise, especially black rat Rattus rattus. Distribution Country Names French Polynesia [RE] (Marquesas [RE]) Summary Documentation System Terrestrial Major Habitat/s (terms) 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane 11.6 Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest Major Threat/s (terms) 1.5 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Invasive alien species (past) 1.7 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Fires (past) 2.2 Invasive alien species (directly affecting the species) - Predators (past) www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=61948&tab=all |
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Post by dysmorodrepanis on May 4, 2006 23:05:07 GMT
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Post by another specialist on Aug 7, 2007 18:39:08 GMT
P. nukuhivae Nuku Hiva Flycatcher. This taxon was shown to be specifically distinct by Cibois et al (2004). Extinct. Formerly res Marquesas Is (Nuku Hiva). www.rosssilcock.com/18.htm |
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Post by another specialist on Jun 10, 2008 19:09:01 GMT
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Post by Sebbe on Jan 25, 2017 16:00:44 GMT
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Post by Sebbe on Nov 2, 2017 19:13:48 GMT
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Post by Sebbe on Mar 17, 2019 9:37:36 GMT
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Post by Sebbe on Sept 3, 2024 17:10:49 GMT
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