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Post by another specialist on Nov 8, 2005 7:46:30 GMT
commonly called the Hoopoe-billed 'Akialoa
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Post by another specialist on Nov 8, 2005 7:47:08 GMT
A GIANT NEW SPECIES OF NUKUPUU (FRINGILLIDAE: DREPANIDINI: HEMIGNATHUS) FROM THE ISLAND OF HAWAII Issn: 0004-8038 Journal: The Auk Volume: 120 Issue: 4 Pages: 970-981 Authors: James, Helen F., Olson, Storrs L. DOI: 10.1043/0004-8038(2003)120<0970:AGNSON>2.0.CO;2 ABSTRACT We describe a new species of drepanidine bird from a fossil found in a lava tube cave on the island of Hawaii. The bill of the new species combines a long, scimitar-like maxillary rostrum with a much shorter mandibular rostrum, giving the bird a most unusual appearance. The general bill form is shared with members of the drepanidine genus Hemignathus, to which the new species is referred, although it is quite distinct from other species of Hemignathus in aspects of its bill morphology and in its much larger body size. The scimitar-like maxilla appears to be adapted to probing in cracks or crevices and possibly to moving loose material, such as leaf detritus, to obtain invertebrate prey. The species became extinct <3,000 years ago. www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=0004-8038&volume=120&issue=04&page=0970 |
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Post by another specialist on Nov 8, 2005 7:51:09 GMT
H. obscurus Lesser Akialoa Pratt (in Scott et al 2001) discusses the Akialoas, including the possibility that they differ at the generic level from Hemignathus as Akialoa. Apparent sympatry, based on palaeontological evidence, indicated five species, all now extinct (Olson and James 1995): Akialoa obscura Hawaii Akialoa, A. lanaiensis Maui Nui Akialoa, A. ellisiana Oahu Akialoa, A. stejnegeri Kauai Akialoa, and A. upupirostris Hoopoe-billed Akialoa. Extinct. Res formerly Hawaiian Is (Hawaii). 64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:ccthI82o0zwJ:users.connections.net/silcock/19.htm+Hemignathus+upupirostris&hl=en |
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Post by another specialist on Jun 6, 2005 15:07:24 GMT
Akialoa upupirostris
(Olson & James) 1991
Holocene of Kauai, Hawaiian Islands
Primary materials: Holotype: mandibula
Secondary materials: Paratypes: manibular symphyses
Storrs L. Olson & Helen F. James,
Descriptions of thirty-two new species of birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part II. Passeriformes
Ornithological Monographs 46 (1991)
The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C.
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Post by sebbe67 on Jan 12, 2006 21:25:50 GMT
Common name: Hoopoe-billed 'Akialoa
other scientific name used sometime is: Hemignathus upupirostris
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Post by sebbe67 on Jan 12, 2006 21:29:39 GMT
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2006 10:00:23 GMT
Hemlgna, thus upupirostris, new species
(Fig. 25B-E)
"Hoopoe-like sickle-bill" Olson and James, 1982b:41, 45; 1984:771; James, 1987:225.
Holotype: Mandible lacking most of both articular ends, USNM 254171 (Fig.
25B, D). Collected 17 August 1976 by Storrs L. Olson, C. John Ralph, Carol P.
Ralph, and John Luther.
Type locality.' Site K-2, Makawehi dunes, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands.
Distribution: Kauai: Makawehi dunes. Oahu: Barbers Point.
Etymology.' "Hoopoe-billed," from Latin, upupa, the boopoe, plus rostrum,
beak; in reference to the convergent similarity of the mandible to that of Upupa
epops.
Measurements (ram) of holotype: Length of tomial crest, 25.9+; symphysis
length, 20.1 +; greatest width of symphysis, 4.3; symphysis height, 1.6; height
at lateral cotyla, 1.4; height at angle of mandible, 2.0; ramus length (middle part),
13.2. •
ß Paratypes; Oahu, Barbers Point: two fragments ofmandibular symphyses, USNM
255211 (Fig. 25C) and 255304 (Fig. 25E).
Measurements ofparatypes: No meaningful measurements can be taken of the
paratypes because of their fragmentary nature.
Diagnosis: A bird with a very long, attenuated and decurved mandible, resembling
that of Hemignathus s, tejnqgeri, H. lichtensteini, H. lanaiensis, and H. procerus,
as opposed to the heterobills, H. lucidus and H. wilsoni. This species is
distinguished from all other drepanidines by having virtually lost the lingual
trough in the mandibular symphysis, this .trough being extremely shallow and
limited in extent to the caudal three-eighths of the elongated symphysis. The
anterior five-eighths of the dorsal surface of the mandible has a flat cross-section
instead of being deeply excavated.
The mandible also differs from that in a skeleton of H. stejnegerin being
slightly larger, with the coronoid processes displaced anteriorly. It is much longer
than the mandibles of H. lucidus or H. wilsoni. The portion of the articular end
preserved in the holotype does not exhibit the modifications for hammering that
are apparent in H. wilsoni (Zusi 1987).
Remarks: The holotype and two paratypes are the only specimens that we have
identified as H. upupirostris. We have not succeeded in associating a maxilla with
this species: either it is morphologically inseparable from H. stejnegeri or we have
not collected it yet.
It might be questioned whether the fossils we have described as H. upupirostris
are not in fact from the extinct Oahu Akialoa, H. lichtensteini. This is not the
case, however, because the only two existing specimens ofH. lichtensteini (ZMB
7918, holotype; ANSP 3360, previously misidentified as H. stejnegeri) have a
pronounced lingual trough in the mandible (pers. observ.).
We infer from the shape of the mandible that the tongue ofH. upupirostris was
shorter than the long, tubular organ in H. obscurus or H. stejnegeri. Lacking a
trough on the anterior part of the mandible, the bill probably could not have
accommodated such a long tongue.
Although no other drepanidine lacks a well-developed trough on the dorsal
surface of the mandible, this condition does occur in the hoopoes, woodhoopoes,
and scythebills (Upupidae, Phoeniculidae, and Dendrocolaptinae: Campylorhamphus),
with which H. upupirostris shares a convergent bill morphology (Olson and
James 1982b). |
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Post by another specialist on Jul 22, 2006 10:03:19 GMT
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